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Technical diving (sometimes referred to as tec diving) is a form of scuba diving that exceeds the conventional limits – especially depth and bottom time – of recreational diving. Technical diving exposes the diver to significantly higher risks than recreational diving, including paralysis and death, and therefore requires extensive experience, advanced training, and specialized equipment. Technical diving also often involves breathing gases other than air or standard nitrox. The term ''technical diving'' has been credited to Michael Menduno, who was editor of the (now defunct) diving magazine ''aquaCorps Journal''.〔.〕 The concept and term, ''technical diving'', are both relatively recent advents,〔In his 1989 book, ''Advanced Wreck Diving'', author and leading technical diver, Gary Gentile, commented that there was no accepted term for divers who dived beyond agency-specified recreational limits for non-professional purposes. Revised editions use the term ''technical diving'', and Gary Gentile published a further book in 1999 entitled ''The Technical Diving Handbook''.〕 although divers have been engaging in what is now commonly referred to as technical diving for decades. == Definition == There is some professional disagreement as to what technical diving encompasses. Until recently, nitrox diving was considered technical, but this is no longer the case. Some say that technical diving is any type of scuba diving that is considered higher risk than conventional recreational diving. However, some advocate that this should include penetration diving (as opposed to open-water diving), whereas others contend that penetrating overhead environments should be regarded as a separate type of diving. Others seek to define technical diving solely by reference to the use of decompression.〔While most technical diving training agencies point out that decompression diving as a separate form of diving is technically a misnomer, since all dives involve an element of decompression as the diver off-gases, the types of diving included in the category of decompression diving involve one or more mandatory decompression stops prior to surfacing, which can be an important distinction.〕 Certain minority views contend that certain non-specific higher risk factors should cause diving to be classed as technical diving. Even those who agree on the broad definitions of technical diving may disagree on the precise boundaries between technical and recreational diving. One point upon which most scuba professionals generally agree is that any dive on which the parameters preclude the possibility of a ''safe and direct ascent ''to the surface should be considered technical diving of some sort, and must require specialized training and associated advanced certification. Such situations would include: - Decompression diving (where the absorption of nitrogen gas in the diver's body tissues precludes a safe and direct ascent without decompression stops) - Cave, ice or wreck diving (where penetration inside the target venue (in a cave or wreck, or under sheet ice) precludes a direct ascent, because a horizontal path must first occur back to the point of penetration). * NAUI defines technical diving as "Any diving beyond the limits of the defined recreational diving limits which is currently set at the following - diving to 40 meters/130 feet, use of nitrox above 36%, multiple mix gas diving, penetration diving past the daylight zone and any form of decompression diving)." * PADI defines technical diving as "diving other than conventional commercial or recreational diving that takes divers beyond recreational diving limits. It is further defined as an activity that includes one or more of the following: diving beyond 40 meters/130 feet, required stage decompression, diving in an overhead environment beyond 130 linear feet from the surface, accelerated stage decompression and/or the use of multiple gas mixtures in a single dive."〔PADI, ''Enriched Air Diving'', page 91. ISBN 978-1-878663-31-3〕 * NOAA defines technical diving as "all diving methods that exceed the limits imposed on depth and/or immersion time for recreational scuba diving. Technical diving often involves the use of special gas mixtures (other than compressed air) for breathing. The type of gas mixture used is determined either by the maximum depth planned for the dive, or by the length of time that the diver intends to spend underwater. While the recommended maximum depth for conventional scuba diving is 130 ft, technical divers may work in the range of 170 ft to 350 ft, sometimes even deeper. Technical diving almost always requires one or more mandatory decompression 'stops' upon ascent, during which the diver may change breathing gas mixes at least once." NOAA does not address issues relating to overhead environments in its definition. The following table gives an overview of the differences between technical and recreational diving: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「technical diving」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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